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?????????????????????????????Langone (1992)???�????�??????????????????????????????????????(mind)????(autonomy)???(identity)???(dignity)????????????????(1)???????????????????????(2)??????????(3)??????????(4)????????????????

??Langone??????????????????????????�????�???Chambers?Dole?Grice (1994)?�??????(group psychological abuse, GPA)�???????????????????????????�????????(The Group Psychological Abuse Scale, GPAS)�?GPAS?????????(1)???(????????????)?(2)???(??????????????)?(3)?????(?????????)?(4)????(?????????????)???GPAS????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????�??????�(Lu, 2005)??????????????????????????????????(Zhang, Huang, & Li, 2017)???????�????�???????????????GPAS?????????????????????????????????????????????(Li, 2013)?

?????????????????????????????????????Ash (1985)??????????????????????????????????????????????????West?Martin (1996)????�???(pseudo-identity)�????????????????????????????????????????????????Rousselet (2017)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????(Second Generation Adults, SGAs)????????????SGAs??????????PTSD??????????????????????????????????HPA?????????????????????(Whitsett, 2006)?Blackwell (2015)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????SGAs?????????????????????????

????????Silberman, D. M., Acosta, G. B., & Zorrilla Zubilete, M. A. (2016). Long-term effects of early life stress exposure: Role of epigenetic mechanisms. Pharmacological Research, 109, 64-73.?

?????????????????????????????(interpersonal neurobiology)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????EMDR????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Li, 2017)????????????????????(Ren, 2009)???????????????(Ye, Ren, & Wu, 2018)?????�???�???????????????(Chen, 2018)??????????????????????????????????????????

??Ash, S. M. (1985). Cult-induced psychopathology: I. clinical picture. Cultic Studies Journal, 2(1), 31�90.

??Blackwell, E. (2015, June). The neurobiological effects of childhood trauma in high-demand groups. Paper presented at the meeting of Proceedings of 2015 ICSA Annual Conference, Stockholm, Sweden .

??Chambers, W. V., Langone, M. D., Dole, A. A., & Grice, J. W. (1994). The group psychological abuse scale: a measure of the varieties of cultic abuse. Cultic Studies Journal, 11(1), 88�117.

??Chen, T. (2018, July). New challenges from cultic movements in post Qigong fever China. Paper presented at the meeting of Proceedings of 2018 ICSA Annual Conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Retrieved March 20, 2018, fromhttp://www.icsahome.com/events/conferenceannual/abstracts

??Langone, M. D. (1992). Psychological abuse. Cultic Studies Journal, 9(2), 206�218.

??Li, B. (2013, July). Universality anddiversities of the group psychological abuse scale. Paper presented at the meeting of Proceedings of ICSA 2013 Annual Conference, Trieste, Italy .

??Lu, Y. (2005). Entrepreneurial Logics and the Evolution of Falun Gong. Journal for the Scienti?c Study of Religion, 44(2), 173�185.

??Li, J. (2017, June). Dynamics and radicalization of cultsbased on Qigong and ESP. Paper presented at the meeting of Proceedings of 2017 ICSA Annual Conference, Bordeaux, France .